Ukuhlelwa kweemagnethi

Izinto ze-Ferromagnetic ezifana nentsimbi, i-cobalt, i-nickel okanye i-ferrite yahlukile kuba i-electron spins yangaphakathi inokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kuluhlu oluncinci ukwenza ummandla we-magnetization ozenzekelayo, obizwa ngokuba yi-domain. Imagneti yemathiriyeli ye-ferromagnetic, isizinda semagnethi yangaphakathi ngobunono, isalathiso somgca ofanayo phezulu, ukuze amandla omagnetic enze umazibuthe.
Zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ezifana ne-aluminium nickel kunye ne-cobalt, i-samarium cobalt, i-ndfeb, ezi ziqhelekile, imagnethi yomelele kakhulu, ezi zinto zinokuba ngumagnetization wentsimi yemagnethi ehlala imagnetic field, kwaye emva kokuba imagnetization ngokwayo inemagnethi. kwaye musa ukunyamalala. Ukubunjwa kwemagnethi eyenziweyo kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwemagneti yeetsimbi ezahlukeneyo kwaye kumiselwe ngokwemfuno. Umazibuthe usondele (ukuchukumisa) into enemagnethi eyenzelwe kwipali echaseneyo kufutshane nesiphelo esinye nakwipali enegama elifanayo kwelinye icala.

A. Imagnethi yethutyana (ethambileyo);
Ukubaluleka: Imagnethi idlula kwaye iyanyamalala xa umazibuthe esusiwe. Umzekelo: iinzipho, intsimbi ekhandiweyo.
B. Imagnethi esisigxina (enzima);
Ukubaluleka: emva kwemagneti, i-magnetism inokugcinwa ixesha elide. Umzekelo: isikhonkwane sentsimbi.

Zininzi kakhulu iindidi zemagnethi, ndiza kuthi apha:
Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zemathiriyeli yemagnethi:
Eyokuqala yizinto ezisisigxina zemagneti (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hard magnetic) : impahla ngokwayo ineempawu zokugcinwa kwamagnetic.
Okwesibini yimagnethi ethambileyo (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-electrify): Isidingo sangaphandle sokwenza umbane sivelisa amandla ombane, sicaba ngumazibuthe othi, kukwalatha kwisixhobo semagnethi esisigxina ngokuqhelekileyo.
Kukho kwakhona iindidi ezimbini zezinto ezisisigxina zemagneti:
Udidi lokuqala lu: i-alloy esisigxina yemagnethi izinto ezibandakanya izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisigxina zemagneti (ndfeb Nd2Fe14B), SmCo (samarium cobalt), NdNiCO (neodymium nickel cobalt).
Udidi lwesibini luyi-Ferrite yezinto ezisisigxina zemagneti, ezahlulahlulwe zibe yi-Sintered Ferrite, iboshwe i-Ferrite Magnet kunye ne-injection Ferrite ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Ezi nkqubo zintathu zohlulwe zibe ziimagnethi ze-isotropic kunye ne-heterotropic ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhelaniswa neekristale zamagnetic.